The Empire of the Medes/Medean Empire
In the second half of the 7th century BC, the Medes gained their independence and were united by a dynasty. The kings who established the Mede Empire are generally recognized to be Phraortes and his son Cyaxares. They were probably chieftains of a nomadic Mede tribe in the desert and on the south shore of the Caspian, the Manda, mentioned by Sargon, and they likely founded the capital at Ecbatana. The later Babylonian king Nabonidus also designated the Medes and their kings always as Manda.

• According to Herodotus, the conquests of Cyaxares the Mede were preceded by a Scythian invasion and domination lasting twenty-eight years (under Madius the Scythian, 653-625 BC). The Mede tribes seem to have come into immediate conflict with a settled state to the West known as Mannae, allied with Assyria. Assyrian inscriptions state that the early Mede rulers, who had attempted rebellions against the Assyrians in the time of Esarhaddon and Assur-bani-pal, were allied with chieftains of the Ashguza (Scythians) and other tribes - who had come from the northern shore of the Black Sea and invaded Armenia and Asia Minor; and Jeremiah and Zephaniah in the Old Testament also agree with Herodotus that a massive invasion of Syria and Palestine by northern barbarians took place in 626 BC. The state of Mannae was finally conquered and assimilated by the Medes in the year 616 BC.
  1. In 612, Cyaxares conquered Urartu, and with the help of Nabopolassar the Chaldean, succeeded in destroying the Assyrian capital, Nineveh; by 606, the remaining vestiges of Assyrian control. From then on, the Mede king ruled over much of Iran, Assyria and northern Mesopotamia, Armenia and Cappadocia. His power was very dangerous to his neighbors, and the exiled Jews expected the destruction of Babylonia by the Medes (Isaiah 13, 14m 21; Jerem. 1, 51.).
  2. When Cyaxares attacked Lydia, the kings of Cilicia and Babylon intervened and negotiated a peace in 585 BC, whereby the Halys was established as the Medes' frontier with Lydia. Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon married a daughter of Cyaxares, and an equilibrium of the great powers was maintained until the rise of the Persians under Cyrus.
  3. About the internal organization of the Mede Empire, we know that the Greeks adopted many ceremonial elements of the Persian court, the costume of the king, etc., through Media.

Medo-persian Empire:                        

In 553 BC Cyrus, king of Persia, rebelled against his suzerain, the Mede King Astyages, son of Cyaxares; he finally won a decisive victory in 550 BC resulting in Astyages' capture by his own dissatisfied nobles, who promptly turned him over to the triumphant Cyrus. Thus were the Medes subjected to their close kin, the Persians. In the new empire they retained a prominent position; in honor and war, they stood next to the Persians; their court ceremony was adopted by the new sovereigns, who in the summer months resided in Ecbatana; and many noble Medes were employed as officials, satraps and generals. After the assassination of the usurper Smerdis, a Mede Fravartish (Phraortes), claiming to be a scion of Cyaxares, tried to restore the Mede kingdom, but was defeated by the Persian generals and executed in Ecbatana (Darius in the Behistun inscr.). Another rebellion, in 409, against Darius II (Xenophon, Hellen. ~. 2, 19) was of short duration. But the non-Aryan tribes to the north, especially the Cadusii, were always troublesome; many abortive expeditions of the later kings against them are mentioned.

1. When the Persian empire decayed and the Cadusii and other mountainous tribes made themselves independent, eastern Armenia became a special satrapy, while Assyria seems to have been united with Media; therefore Xenophon in the Anabasis always designates Assyria by the name of "Media".
2. Atropatene is that country of western Asia which was least of all other countries influenced by Hellenism; there exists not even a single coin of its rulers. But the opinion of modern authors that it had been a special refuge of Zoroastrianism, is partly based on a folk etymology of the name (explained as "country of fire-worship"), partly on Zoroastrian traditions, including traditions regarding the birthplace of Zoroaster, and partly because of the natural phenomenon of flames escaping from rock fissures, occurring throughout the former territory of Atropatene. There can be no doubt that the kings adhered to the Persian religion; though it may not have been deeply rooted among their subjects, especially among the non-Aryan tribes.
3. Southern Media remained a province of the Seleucid Empire for a century and a half, and Hellenism was introduced everywhere. Media was surrounded everywhere by Greek towns, in pursuance of Alexander's plan to protect it from neighboring barbarians, according to Polybius (x. 27). Only Ecbatana retained its old character. But Rhagae became the Greek town Europus; and with it Strabo (xi. 524) names Laodicea, Apamea Heraclea or Achais. Most of them were founded by Seleucus I and his son Antiochus I.
4. In 221, the satrap Molon tried to make himself independent (there exist bronze coins with his name and the royal title), together with his brother Alexander, satrap of Persis, but they were defeated and killed by Antiochus the Great. In the same way, the Mede satrap Timarchus took the diadem and conquered Babylonia; on his coins he calls himself the great king Timarchus; but again the legitimate king, Demetrius I, succeeded in subduing the rebellion, and Timarchus was slain. But with Demetrius I, the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire began, brought about chiefly by the intrigues of the Romans, and shortly afterwards, in about 150, the Parthian king Mithradates I conquered Media (Justin xli. 6).
5. From this time Media remained subject to the Arsacids or Parthians, who changed the name of Rhagae, or Europus, into Arsacia (Strabo xi. 524), and divided the country into five small provinces (Isidorus Charac.). From the Parthians, it passed in AD 226 to the Sassanids, together with Atropatene.
   
   
   Magi in the history of the Persian Empire
   
   According to Herodotus, the Magi were the sacred caste of the Medes. They organized Persian society after the fall of Assyria and Babylon. Their power was curtailed by Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire, and by his son Cambyses II; the Magi revolted against Cambyses and set up a rival claimant to the throne, one of their own, who took the name of Smerdis. Smerdis and his forces were defeated by the Persians under Darius I. The sect of the Magi continued in Persia, though its influence was limited after this political setback.
   
   

   NOAH IBN LAMIK, IBN MITOSHILKH, IBN ENOCH, IBN YARD, IBN MAHLABEEL, IBN QINAN, IBN ANOUSH, IBN SETH, IBN ADAM THE FATHER OF MANKIND
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   SHEM    HAM   JAPHETH
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   Seven Sons of Japheth (see map below):
       1. Javan (Greece, Romans, Romance -- French, Italians, Spanish, Portuguese)
      2. Magog (Scythians, Slavs, Russians, Bulgarians, Bohemians, Poles, Slovaks, Croatians)
      3. Madai (Indians & Iranic: Medes, Persians, Afghans, Kurds)
      4. Tubal (South of Black Sea)
      5. Tiras (Thracians, Teutons, Germans, Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Jutes)
      6. Meshech (Russia)
      7. Gomer (Celtic)
   

   NOAH IBN LAMIK
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   JAPHETH
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   MADAI
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                                    MEDES(MEOS OF MEWAT
   PROGRESSIVE LINE DIAGRAM FOR MEDES/MEOS FOR THE SAKE OF BREVITY

   MEDES COULD ESTABLISH MEDEAN EMPIRE BY CONCURRING ASSYRIANS, BABILONIANS AND OTHER NEIGHBOURING STATES

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   THEY WERE VITAL PART OF MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE WITH THEIR OWN GRAND SON CYRUS WHO TOOK OVER THE REIGH OF THE EMPIRE FROM HIS GRAND MATERNAL FATHER, THE MEDE KING, ASTYAGES SON OF CYAXARES.

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   THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE WAS SPREAD UPTO INDIA(NORTH WESTERN PART AND DURING THAT PERIOD MEDES/MEOS(NOW) SETTLED IN A PART OF INDIA AND COULD ESTABLISHED  MATSYA KINGDOM WHICH LAST FOR QUITE A FEW CENTURES

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   ONE OF THE IMPORTANT PART OF INDIA, MAY BE CALLED HEART OF INDIA KNOWN AS MEWAT EVEN AS ON DATE, WAS RULED BY A SYTEM OF SELF GOVERNANCE WHO’S LAST CHIEFTAIN WAS HASAN KHAN MEWATI. UNDER THE SYSTEM EVERY VILLAGE/TOWN USED TO SELFSUFFICIENT FOR THEIR DAY TO DAY REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING EMICABLE RESOLUTION OF ALL KIND OF DISPUTES AND THEY NEVER ALLOWED ANY BODY TO RULE OVER THEM. DURING PEACE THEY HAD BEEN GOOD AGRICULTURIST WHILE DURING ATTACK ON THEM THEY PROVED TO BE BRAVE WORRIORS IN SELF DEFENCE. IN THE NUT SHELL THEY HAD BEEN HAVING AN EXECELLENT CIVIL SELF GOVERNING SOCIETY BELIEVING “LIVE AND LET LIVE